Researching John Williams

Williams has composed for many critically acclaimed and popular movies, including the Star Wars saga, Jaws, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Superman, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, the first two Home Alone films, the Indiana Jones films, the first two Jurassic Park films, Schindler's List, and the first three Harry Potter films. Williams has also composed numerous classical concertos and other works for orchestral ensembles and solo instruments. He served as the Boston Pops' principal conductor from 1980 to 1993 and is its laureate conductor. He has been associated with director Steven Spielberg since 1974, composing music for all but five of his feature films, and George Lucas, with whom he has worked on both of his main franchises.

Other works by Williams include theme music for the 1984 Summer Olympic Games, NBC Sunday Night Football, "The Mission" theme used by NBC News and Seven News in Australia, the television series Lost in Space and Land of the Giants, and the incidental music for the first season of Gilligan's Island. Williams was inducted into the Hollywood Bowl's Hall of Fame in 2000, and received a Kennedy Center Honor in 2004. His AFI Life Achievement Award in 2016 was the first to be awarded outside of the acting and directing fields. He has composed the score for nine of the top 25 highest-grossing films at the U.S. box office (adjusted for inflation). His work has influenced other composers of film, popular, and contemporary classical music; Norwegian composer Marcus Paus argues that Williams's "satisfying way of embodying dissonance and avant-garde techniques within a larger tonal framework" makes him "one of the great composers of any century".

He was first elected to Congress in 1946, representing southwestern Mississippi. At just 27 years old, he was the youngest man to be elected U.S. Representative from Mississippi. He was re-elected repeatedly to Congress through the 1966 election in what was then a one-party Democratic state but was stripped of his congressional leadership positions after he supported Republican Barry Goldwater in the 1964 presidential election.

Williams was elected Governor in 1967, defeating numerous candidates. He had a history of supporting racial segregation but complied with a federal court order to finally desegregate Mississippi's public schools.

Willams served as a superior court judge both during the colonial era and after the new state of North Carolina was established in 1776. Sitting alongside other superior court judges as part of a Court of Conference (forerunner to the North Carolina Supreme Court), Williams heard the landmark case, Bayard v. Singleton, which announced the principle of judicial review on the state level before Marbury v. Madison did so on the federal level.

Williams later distanced himself from Jackson, and aligned himself with John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay. Adams appointed him chargé d'affaires to the Central American Federation in 1825.

Williams was born in Mendon, New York, and attended the Rochester Institute of Technology's School for American Craftsman, where he graduated after studying furniture design and woodworking. Williams spent time after college in Middleburg, Virginia, and now resides in Southern Pines, North Carolina, with his wife, Ellen.

Williams has trained with many great eventers, including Jack Le Goff, James C. Wofford, and David and Karen O'Connor. Williams is also a recognized AHSA "R" Combined Training course designer, and designed the 2005 American Eventing Championship courses (novice to advanced).

Born at Ysceifiog in Flintshire, Wales, the son of Thomas Williams and Hannah Phillips, Williams was educated at common schools. After reaching the age of thirteen, he worked in the lead means and farmed and then came to Canada in May 1881 with "absolutely no capital". After living in Hamilton, Ontario, where he worked on a farm, for a year and a half, he moved to Manitoba in November 1882 to become a farmer. He remained in this vocation until 1906, and served for a time as director of the Melita Farmers' Elevator Company. Williams also served as president of the local Grain Growers' Association and Agricultural Society and was reeve for the Rural Municipality of Arthur.

Williams first sought election to the Manitoba legislature in the 1903 provincial election, running in the southwestern constituency of Arthur. He lost to Conservative incumbent Allen Thompson by forty-eight votes. Thompson retired at the 1907 election, and Williams defeated new Conservative candidate Amos Lyle by a margin of three votes (536 to 533). Williams served as an opposition member for the next three years.

In the provincial election of 1910, Lyle defeated Williams by 175 votes to regain Arthur for the Conservatives. Control of the riding shifted again in the 1914 campaign, when Williams defeated Lyle by sixty-six votes. He again served as an opposition member.

Early in 1915, the governing Conservative Party of Rodmond Roblin was forced from office amid scandal. The Liberals won a landslide victory in the 1915 provincial election, and Williams was elected by an increased margin in Arthur. After this election, he served as a backbench supporter of Norris's ministry. In the 1920 election, Williams defeated Farmer candidate Duncan Lloyd McLeod by only ten votes.

Norris's Liberals were reduced to a minority government in the 1920 election, and had difficulty passing legislative initiatives in the next two years. The government was defeated in the legislature in early 1922, and elections were called for later in the year. Williams was called on to play a prominent role in the campaign, and was promoted to cabinet on June 6, 1922 as Minister of Agriculture.

The Liberals were defeated by the United Farmers of Manitoba in the 1922 provincial election, and Williams lost his seat to McLeod by 353 votes. He resigned from cabinet with the rest of the Norris ministry on August 8, 1922.

In the 1925 federal election, Williams run for the House of Commons of Canada as the candidate for the Liberal Party of Canada in Souris. He finished third against Progressive candidate James Steedsman.

In 1928, Williams was named Canadian commissioner of immigration for Wales.

He was married to Clementine Rogers in 1892.

Williams died on his farm in Melita at the age of 70.

Williams was born in Aberaman, and began working at a local coal mine at the age of twelve. Eight years later, he was elected as checkweighman, a post he held for twelve years. He then became a full-time miners' agent for the Western Miners' Association. In this role he was a close associate of William Abraham.

A supporter of the Liberal-Labour movement, Williams served on Mountain Ash Urban District Council. In 1898 he was nominated as a candidate for Glamorgan County Council but declined to go to the poll.

At the 1906 general election, Williams was first elected as Member of Parliament for the Welsh constituency of Gower in West Glamorgan. He stood as an Independent Liberal candidate and won election despite being opposed by an official Liberal candidate. Upon election he took the Liberal whip and was active in the Liberal party's trade union group. When the Miners' Federation of Great Britain decided to affiliate to the Labour Party in 1909, along with the other Welsh mining MPs, he joined the Labour Party.

Educated in Cardiff, Oxford and at the London Hospital, he graduated with the Licence of the Society of Apothecaries (LSA) in 1902.

He was initially employed as a ship's surgeon for the Booth Shipping Line, before becoming a general practitioner in Burry Port, Carmarthenshire. He was elected to Burry Port Urban District Council, serving as its chairman. He was also a member of Carmarthenshire County Council where he was the chairman of the health committee and of the child welfare committee.

At the 1922 general election, he was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Llanelli, and held the seat until he died from pneumonia in 1936.

Ffowcs was elected as a member into the National Academy of Engineering in 1995 for contributions to the theory of jet noise, and other aspects of aeroacoustics and hydrodynamics.

Williams briefly attended Texas A&M University, and graduated in business and management from the California State University, San Bernardino. He later worked as a product manager for the archery division of Yamaha Corporation.

In 2003, the National Archery Association issued him its J. Maurice Thompson award, named after the body's founder, for outstanding and meritorious service to the sport. Northwestern High School has a plaque in the lobby honoring John Williams.

He attended the Boston University School of Music, the New England Conservatory and is a graduate of The Cleveland Institute of Music. His violin studies were with Dorothy DeLay, conducting with Carl Topilow and composition with Donald Erb and Margaret Brouwer. He has appeared as a guest conductor with the Novaya Russiya, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, National Symphony Orchestra of Ukraine, Classic FM Symphony Orchestra (Sofia), the Colorado Symphony Orchestra, the Chicago Sinfonietta, and many other ensembles. He has recorded several CDs for the Naxos Records label, all in their American Classics series, where he has shown a remarkable ability to uncover lost gems by American composers of the first half of the 20th century (such as Henry Hadley and John Alden Carpenter), and bring them vividly to life with the National Symphony Orchestra of Ukraine and the National Radio Symphony Orchestra of Ukraine. The resurgence of interest in western American composer George Frederick McKay (1899-1970) can be attributed to William's pioneering Naxos recordings of McKay's music. He was awarded a Grammy in 2007 for his recording of Olivier Messiaen's Oiseaux exotiques, in which he conducted the Cleveland Chamber Symphony with pianist Angelin Chang, who also received a Grammy. Williams has received a total of four Grammy nominations. Williams has also served as assistant conductor of the Britt Festival in Oregon. As a violinist, he has appeared as a soloist around the United States and was an active freelancer in the Boston area, where he was assistant concertmaster of the Boston Pops Esplanade Orchestra and played as a substitute with the Boston Symphony. Williams was also a member of the Houston Symphony, and was concertmaster of the Virginia Symphony.

Williams was born and raised in Ohio. He was a coal miner in his teenage years. He graduated from Marietta College, Ohio, and Auburn Seminary, New York. He applied to the Presbyterian Board of Missions and was assigned to China. He married Cora Lilian Caldwell, daughter of missionaries in August 1899, and sailed with her to China that same month. They raised four children.

Williams served several years as principal of the Presbyterian Academy in Nanking, a boys' school. He later taught for a year at Waseda University, Tokyo. He returned in 1907 to Nanking, where he helped open Union College, formed by the union of several mission schools. Williams served as acting dean of the college of arts and science and as vice president.

Williams was shot and killed by a Chinese soldier on the campus of the university, during an outbreak of violence against foreigners, now known as the Nanking Incident.

Williams was born on 18 August 1948 in Perth, where he spent the first four years of his life. He spent his next three years in Melbourne before moving to Broken Hill in 1955. He has lived there ever since. He studied economics, accounting and financial management externally through the University of New England.

At the 2007 New South Wales state election, Williams won the seat of Murray-Darling. His candidacy was boosted by the redistribution prior to the election, which turned the seat from marginal Labor to marginal National. At the election, he defeated incumbent Labor MP Peter Black on a swing of nearly nine percent, turning Murray-Darling into a safe National seat at one stroke. He was handily reelected in 2011, increasing his majority to 17 percent.

In July 2014 it was revealed that Williams had verbally attacked then Coalition cabinet minister Robyn Parker with a sexist slur in April 2014, at a meeting in Parliament House during his bid for pre-selection for the New South Wales Legislative Council. He was endorsed as a National Party candidate for the Legislative Council, although in the unwinnable fourth position on the ticket, and was defeated accordingly at the election.

Williams is married to Helen. He has two children and two grandchildren.

Williams was first elected to the Senate at the 2007 federal election. This followed his victory over incumbent Senator Sandy Macdonald in preselection for the National Party's one winnable spot on the Coalition Senate ticket in New South Wales.

Williams was born in Jamestown, South Australia. Prior to entering politics, he was a truck driver, a farmer, a sheep shearer and a small business owner.

William's vote was the third out of five votes required to give Barnaby Joyce the Senate leadership in September 2008.

Williams is consulted by the media in relation to the Royal Commission into Misconduct in the Banking, Superannuation and Financial Services Industry being one the earliest and strongest advocates for such an inquiry. He was the sole Government Senator to cross the floor to vote against his party on a number of occasions in support of a Royal Commission into banking prior to 2017. Most critically, he had gathered sufficient supporters in his party by December 2017 for a Parliamentary Inquiry into Banking such that the Government was facing certain defeat in the House of Representatives. At this time, the Banks themselves wrote to the Government requesting a Royal Commission although they had always been opposed. As a result, the Government acceded to the Banks' request and thus avoided a House vote defeat.

Referring to the ministerial resignation of Jamie Briggs in December 2015, Williams said "With Briggs leaving, it means there will be no deterioration in the overall quality of the ministry, in fact it should improve."

In May 2016 he said that his current term, due to expire on 30 June 2019, would be his last.

He is a public opponent of same sex marriage, and was one of twelve senators who voted against the 2017 bill.

John Williams, known as Patch after losing an eye during the battle of Plaman Mapu during the Indonesia–Malaysia Confrontation, joined the Army as a bandsman in 1949. He transferred to the infantry in 1954. He served with the Parachute Regiment in the Suez Canal Zone, Cyprus and Borneo.

On 27 April 1965, Williams's company base at Plaman Mapu, on the border between the Malaysian state of Sarawak and Indonesia, came under heavy attack by the Indonesian infantry. Williams was awarded the DCM for gallantry during what would be known as the Battle of Plaman Mapu, where he served as a Company Sergeant Major with the 2nd Battalion, Parachute Regiment. An extract from his citation for the DCM reads: "The successful defence of the position against great odds was largely due to his courage, his example and leadership and to his own direct intervention in the battle at every crisis and at every point of maximum danger."

He underwent many operations as a result of injuries sustained during the battle. He later became Regimental Sergeant Major (RSM) of the 2nd Battalion, Parachute Regiment. He was commissioned in 1971. He was awarded the MBE and appointed Lieutenant-Colonel Staff Quartermaster of the Army Staff College, Camberley in 1983. He retired from the Army in 1989.

He was president of The Gallantry Medallists' League from 2000. He was appointed MBE in 1983 and DCM in 1965.

Williams was the son of John Allen Williams of Stepney and his wife Mary Carvell, and was educated privately. He was a Nonconformist and campaigned against the privileged status of the Church of England. From 1847 to 1877, he was secretary to the Liberation Society and was Parliamentary chairman to the society. He authored works on disestablishment and other ecclesiastical subjects. He was a Director of Whittlington Life Insurance Company.

In the 1885 general election, Williams was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Nottingham South but lost the seat in the 1886 general election. He was elected MP for Mansfield In the 1892 general election and held the seat until the 1900 general election.

Williams lived at Crouch End and died at the age of 86.

Four of his five surviving children were also released in 1706 and ultimately returned to Deerfield. But his youngest daughter Eunice, seven when captured, had been adopted by a Mohawk family at Kahnawake and became thoroughly assimilated. The French would not take by force captives adopted by their Mohawk allies. She married a Mohawk man and had three children with him.

Williams was a central voice in the smallpox inoculation controversy of 1721. He was an uncle of the notable pastor and theologian Jonathan Edwards.

The longstanding referee for snooker television show Pot Black, he took charge after Sydney Lee's retirement at the 1981 event. Williams was forced into retirement in 2002 due to contract negotiations with the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association, but made sporadic appearances at the World Seniors Championship until 2012.

Williams was born in Paihia on 6 April 1827. He was one of the sons of Marianne Williams and the pioneering New Zealand missionary Archdeacon Henry Williams.

Williams was elected to represent the Bay of Islands electorate in the Auckland Provincial Council from 23 Jan 1863 to 13 Sep 1865. He represented the electorate in the House of Representatives from to 1879, when he was defeated.

He married Sarah Busby (1835–1913), daughter of James Busby. They had 11 children including the politician Kenneth Williams, and the lawyer and cricket administrator Heathcote Williams.

He died at his residence in Napier's Cameron Road on 27 April 1904.

Williams was born in Renfrew, Ontario, one of nine children of a baker. After several moves, the family settled in Rochester when Williams was a teenager.

Despite not finishing high school, and a series of miscellaneous jobs as a young adult, Williams wanted to be a doctor. He saved his money, and he eventually was accepted at the University of Michigan at the age of 25. He graduated in 1903 at the top of his class. Armed with his medical degree, he opened an office in Rochester in 1904.

One of his early successes was an extensive study into the safety of milk supplies in Rochester. He found that many homes had insufficient refrigeration, and suppliers were using inefficient methods of distribution. Although Rochester never fully adopted his suggestions, his study was influential nationally in the effort to improve refrigeration standards.

By 1916, he had been appointed chief of medicine at Highland Hospital, where he spearheaded the establishment of the first hospital division dedicated to the study of diabetes and other metabolic disorders. In 1922, Williams became the first American physician to administer insulin, ordering a supply from Frederick Banting in Toronto. Williams' patient was James D. Havens, aged 22, who would go on to become a well-known woodcut artist. Havens was the second American to receive insulin treatment, the first to do so without traveling to Canada.

Williams would remain at Highland for thirty years; during those years, and after stepping down, he was also a force in Rochester civic life. In 1932, for instance, he took a strong interest in the then-fledgling Rochester Municipal Museum. He joined and chaired the Rochester Museum Association, an organization formed to ensure the museum's survival. In 1935, after the effort was successful, he became chairman of the Municipal Museum Commission, remaining in that position until just a few years before his death. The museum later became the Rochester Museum and Science Center, and Williams was chairman of the committee that oversaw the design and erection of the museum's current building on East Avenue.

Williams was also responsible for placing tens of thousands of oak and other trees at the current site of Oak Hill Country Club, when the country club moved from Oak Hill near the Genesee River to a new space in Pittsford (in a land swap with the University of Rochester). The land had been farmed-out when the swap occurred, and while Williams didn't design the courses, he did extensive research into trees and which ones would thrive best in the local climate; many, if not most, of the majestic oaks that today make Oak Hill's courses so challenging and scenic were grown from seedlings in Williams' back yard.

Williams had two sons by his wife Ethel.

Pedrog was born in May 1853 in Madryn, near Pwllheli, the youngest son of Owen and Martha Williams, both of whom were in service locally. He had a tragic childhood. At the age of two he was sent to stay with his father’s sister Jane Owen, in Llanbedrog, when his elder brother contracted smallpox. A few years later his mother died in childbirth. His father then decided to go to sea as a ship’s steward but his first voyage seemingly ended in a Melbourne hospital where he died. Pedrog's memories of both his parents were few and hazy.

John Williams is a retired captain in the US Naval Reserve, where he served aboard the USS Columbus (CG-12) and at the US Naval Academy. As a strategic plans officer in the US Navy, he also served on active and reserve duty with the Chief of Naval Operations (Strategic Concepts Branch), the Joint Chiefs of Staff (Strategy Branch), the Office of the Secretary of Defense (assistant principal deputy undersecretary for strategy and resources), the Naval War College, and the commander, Second Fleet.

John Williams is notable for his contributions to the study of the military, civil–military relations, and national security strategy. He has published extensively on these topics, co-authoring works with other notable figures in civil–military relations such as Sam C. Sarkesian, Charles C. Moskos, David R. Segal.

Born in the asbetos mining town of Asbestos, Quebec, he had three brothers: Elewyn, Lloyd, and Arthur. John was an active child and participated in sports, developing a lifelong interest in the outdoors. His father, a mining engineer, died during the First World War, leaving his wife Josephine Stockwell to raise the family alone. She moved the family to Kelowna, British Columbia, where John attended public high school. He matriculated to the University of British Columbia on a full scholarship, where he graduated with a BS degree in 1928. During his last year at the University, he was married to Vera Martin; the couple had three children. Williams performed his graduate studies at the University of California, Berkeley, where he was awarded an MA degree in 1930 and a PhD the following year. In his first year of graduate school he published his first paper about a double crystal x-ray spectrometer.

He joined the University of Chicago with a postdoctoral fellowship from the National Research Council during 1931–1933, then became an instructor of physics at the University of Minnesota. In 1934 he was named Assistant Professor, then Associate Professor in 1937 and full professor in 1946. Williams remained a member of the University of Minnesota physics faculty for the remainder of his career. Initially, his work at Minnesota was in the field of ionization and dissociation of gases, but he developed an interest in nuclear physics. Together with William H. Wells, he worked on a Van de Graaff generator with the goal of generating 1 MeV of energy for nuclear physics research. This was found insufficiently energetic, so in 1937 funds were obtained from the Rockefeller Foundation for construction of a 3 MeV generator.

During the Second World War, he obtained his US citizenship and became a contract researcher for the US Office of Scientific Research and Development in 1942, then during 1943–46 he served as head of the Electrostatic Generator Group for the Manhattan Project, being placed in charge of Van de Graaff work. He began a study of neutron cross-section measurements for the atomic bomb program. In 1945, he was deputy director of the first atomic bomb explosion, known as Trinity. He assisted with the Bikini atomic experiments in 1946 before returning to his position at the University of Minnesota. In 1951 at the age of 43, it was discovered that he had cancer. He underwent medical treatment in an effort to combat the condition, which was finally brought under limited control in 1960. However, he suffered flare ups that lasted for the remainder of his life.

Williams was instrumental in obtaining funding from the Atomic Energy Commission for the construction of a 50-MeV linear proton accelerator at the University, which became operational during the 1950s. During 1955–58 he served on the board of the Midwest Universities Research Association, and was the president in 1956–57. He was appointed Director of the Research Division for the Atomic Energy Commission in 1958. The following year he was appointed Atomic Energy Commissioner by US President Dwight D. Eisenhower. From 1960 to 1966, he was a member of the General Advisory Committee for the United States Atomic Energy Commission. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1961 and was president of the American Physical Society in 1963. In 1965, he was named as president of the Argonne Universities Association.

Williams died of pneumonia in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on April 18, 1966. During his career, he was awarded honorary doctorate of science by the University of British Columbia and an honorary doctorate of engineering from the Pennsylvania Military College.

Williams was born in Tylorstown, Rhondda, Wales. He attended Wolverhampton Grammar School (in Staffordshire, England), and during World War II enlisted in the British Army, serving in Europe and the Middle East. After the war's end, Williams studied teaching at the University of Wales as part of a scheme for ex-servicemen. He was employed as a teacher for a period of time, but left teaching in 1954 to work as a sales manager for the Beecham Group. Williams eventually became the managing director of an American leather goods firm, and lived in the United States for a period. He emigrated to Australia in 1966, and began working as a teacher again. A former member of the Conservative Party in the UK, Williams joined the Liberal Party after arriving in Australia, and at the 1971 state election was elected to the Legislative Council's Metropolitan Province. Appointed deputy chairman of committees after the 1974 election, he would serve a total of three six-year terms before retiring at the 1989 election. Williams died in Perth in 1997, aged 70. His daughter, Liz Behjat, also entered politics, representing North Metropolitan in the Legislative Council.

As well as his work at the University of New England, Williams was member, secretary and chairman of the New England National Park Trust, a member of the New England and Dorrigo National Park Advisory Committee and was a leader in the university's continuing education Ecofest schools. He contributed to an understanding of the botany and ecology of north-eastern New South Wales, to the conservation and protection of rainforest areas such as Terania Creek in the Nightcap National Park and to the genera Eucalyptus and Parsonsia. During the years 1975 to 1990, Williams travelled extensively, collecting herbarium specimens in many parts of Australia and contributed about 11,500 specimens to the N.C.W. Beadle Herbarium at UNE which now holds more than 73,000 plant specimens.

In 1993, Williams retired and in the following year was appointed a Fellow of the UNE. He continued to work on botanical projects, including to the 1984 edition of "Rainforest Trees and Shrubs". He is the author of 36 papers on members of the genera Parsonsia and Neoastelia but also on the rare Boronia boliviensis, Eucalyptus boliviana and others. The species Melaleuca williamsii is named in his honour.

Williams was born in 1920 in Beach Point, Prince Edward Island. He married Annie Giddings in 1940. Williams enlisted in the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War, to work as a shipwright. Following the war, he returned to Beach Point, and worked various jobs as a fisherman and carpenter before starting a career as a boat builder in the 1950s.

Williams entered provincial politics in the 1978 election, defeating Liberal incumbent Gilbert Clements by 24 votes to become councillor for the electoral district of 4th Kings. Williams was defeated by Cements when he ran for re-election in 1979.

Following his term as MLA, Williams continued his career as a boat builder and died at Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Charlottetown in June 1988.

Williams was born in Memphis, Tennessee, but moved to Kansas City in his youth and learned to play saxophone there as a teenager, playing in a local dance band and touring with the vaudeville revue, Hits 'n Bits, in the first half of the 1920s. While with this show he met pianist Mary Elfrieda Scruggs, who became both a personal and professional companion; the pair married in 1926 and Mary Lou played piano in Williams' Synco Jazzers band on their 1927 tour and recording session. He then played with Terrence Holder's band, which Andy Kirk took over soon after; Williams played with Kirk for nearly a decade alongside his wife.

In 1939 he left Kirk's group, and divorced Williams the following year. He went into the restaurant industry in the 1940s, but still played on the side with Cootie Williams and for several years with Earl Hines on baritone sax. His last performances were in the late 1940s, after which he worked in hospitality and in a factory. He died in Columbus, Ohio, aged 91.