Researching William White

He was 23 years old, and a temporary second lieutenant in the 38th Battalion, Machine Gun Corps (part of the 38th (Welsh) Division), British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.

On 18 September 1918 at Gouzeaucourt, France, when the advance was held up by enemy machine-guns, Second Lieutenant White rushed a gun position single-handed, shot the three gunners and captured the gun. Later he attacked a gun position accompanied by two men, both of whom were immediately shot down. He went on alone to the gun, killing the team and capturing the gun. On a third occasion when the advance was again held up this officer collected a small party and rushed the position, inflicting heavy losses on the garrison. Subsequently, he consolidated the position by the skilful use of captured enemy and his own machine-guns. The full citation was published in a supplement to the London Gazette of 12 November 1918 (dated 15 November 1918):

In 1939, White was commissioned as a captain in the Royal Artillery, Territorial Army.

White married Violet Victoria Price, who died in 1956 after 35 years marriage. He died in 1974, aged 79 at Wellington, Shropshire, and was cremated at Emstrey Crematorium, Shrewsbury. He is mentioned on his wife's headstone in St John's Churchyard, Hildenborough, Kent.

Very little is known about White, who replaced the regular first baseman, Joe Start, after the latter was injured. White was a student at Brown University and played for the college's team. He went 1-for-4 and scored a run as Providence won 5–3. It is unknown why White did not play for the Grays again. He was replaced in the next game by future Hall of Famer "Orator Jim" O'Rourke.

SABR's research indicates that the William Edward White who took the field that day was the son of a plantation owner from Milner, Georgia, Andrew Jackson White, and a black woman enslaved by White, Hannah. University records give Milner as the student's birthplace, and the only person of his name listed in the 1870 census was a nine-year-old mulatto boy who was one of three children living with his mother Hannah. All three of these children are named in A.J. White's 1877 will, which described them as the children of his servant Hannah White and stipulated that they be educated in the North. If the research by SABR is correct, then William White was not only the first black player in the major leagues, but may also have been the only former slave. Unlike the Walker brothers, White passed as white and did not face the virulent racism prevalent in the late 19th century.

According to 1900 and 1910 census records, White moved to Chicago and became a bookkeeper. He is listed there as having been born in Rhode Island and being white. The 1920 census, however, indicates that there was then a 60-year-old William E. White living in Chicago, whose parents were born in Georgia, and whose race was listed as "black". It is not certain that this is the same man.

After a five-year apprenticeship in Leamington Spa he moved to London as an improver in George Gilbert Scott's practice where he remained for two years before setting up his own practice in Truro in 1847. In 1851 he returned to London and worked out of Wimpole Street. His style was close to that of William Butterfield and he built many churches.

In 1919, he was convicted of robbery and served a prison sentence in Joliet Correctional Center until winning parole within four years.

An early member and much respected gunman of Johnny Torrio-Al Capone organization, White would be declared a public enemy in the Chicago Crime Commission's first published report in 1923 of those "who are constantly in conflict with the law" along with James "Mad Bomber" Belcastro, Edward O'Donnell, Jake Guzik, and Al Capone. The following year, White was twice convicted for the murder of Forest Park policeman Edward Pflaume and, despite being released on appeal by the State Supreme Court; he was imprisoned for several years.

Following his release, White returned to work for the Chicago Outfit as a labor racketeer competing against rival mobster Roger Touhy (eventually planning the murder of Touhy supporter Teamsters International Vice President Paddy Barrel). In 1933, White and Frankie Rio were supposedly sent to Florida by Paul Ricca to oversee the assassination of Anton Cermak, appearing with Franklin Roosevelt, by Giuseppe Zangara. However, they were held in custody and searched by Chicago police while waiting with politician Harry Hockstein in the main terminal of a Chicago train station on February 13.

According to the testimony of Roger Touhy to the Illinois Parole Board in 1957, White and Rio began shooting at Zangara however hit several bystanders instead before disappearing into the crowd dressed in police uniforms of the Cicero Police Department.

In May 1933, he was convicted on weapons charges and served a year in jail as well as issued a $300 fine although an appeal was later taken.

His body was found in his Oak Park apartment, suffering gunshot wounds to the head and body, after a gunfight with two unidentified gunmen seen fleeing from the building on the night of January 3, 1934.

He would later be portrayed by Gavin MacLeod as "Three Fingers" Jack White on the original television series The Untouchables.

He helped to develop the Kenotron and Pliotron, two- and three-electrode vacuum tubes, which could be exhausted to an exceedingly high vacuum.

He was awarded an honorary degree by Columbia University in 1948.

His papers are housed at the Schaffer Library Special Collections Department of Union College.

Born in Kenora, Ontario, he was educated at the University of Windsor and the University of Manchester. In 1969, he began his career as an economist at the Bank of England, the central bank of the United Kingdom. In 1972 he joined the Bank of Canada, the central bank of Canada, where he spent 22 years. His first six years at the Bank of Canada were with the Department of Banking and Financial Analysis, first as an economist and finally as Deputy Chief. In 1978, White became Deputy Chief of the Research Department and was made Chief of the Department in 1979. He was appointed Adviser to the Governor in 1984 and Deputy Governor of the Bank of Canada in September 1988.

In 1994, he joined the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), the Swiss-based bank of central banks, as manager in the Monetary and Economic Department. From May 1995 to June 2008, he served as its Economic Adviser and Head of the Monetary and Economic Department. He retired from the BIS on 30 June 2008.

He predicted the financial crisis of 2007–2010 before 2007's subprime meltdown (Subprime mortgage crisis). He was one of the critics of Alan Greenspan's theory of the role of Monetary Policy as early as 1996. He challenged the former Federal Reserve chairman's view that central bankers cannot effectively slow the causes of asset bubbles. On 28 August 2003, White made his argument directly to Greenspan, at the Kansas City Fed's annual meeting in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. White recommended to "raise interest rates when credit expands too fast and force banks to build up cash cushions in fat times to use in lean years." Greenspan was unconvinced that this would work and said: "there has never been an instance, of which I'm aware, that leaning against the wind was successfully done"

In October 2009 he was appointed chairman of the Economic and Development Review Committee at the OECD in Paris. This committee carries on regular evaluations of the policies of both member countries and aspiring members of the OECD. In his capacity as chairman, he also contributed to meetings of WP1 and the Economic Policy Committee of the OECD. He retired from that position in March 2018. He was also a member of the Issing Commission, advising the German chancellor on G-20 issues..William White has published articles on topics related to monetary and financial stability as well as the process of international cooperation in these areas.

According to Ernst Hermann Meyer, "White is chiefly known from three fantasias a 5, and seven a 6; chiefly in Oxford, Christ Church MS. 2. Little is known of his career." His consort music appears in Reverend Thomas Myriell's score compilations, though not in the more famous Tregian's.

In certain fantasias of White (singled out by Meyer), as with some by Thomas Lupo the elder and Alfonso Ferrabosco the younger, soloistic elements - the juxtaposition of sections where the parts are treated equally, with sections where one instrument has a part of more virtuosic or melodic interest than the others - anticipate the concerto grosso to come.

White was the son of William White of Duffield, Derbyshire and his second wife Sarah Cradock, daughter of Matthew Cradock of Stafford. He was a student at Inner Temple in 1646.

White was a colonel in the service of the commonwealth. In 1645 he was elected Member of Parliament for Pontefract as a recruiter to the Long Parliament.

In April 1660, White was elected MP for Clitheroe in the Convention Parliament but was unseated on petition on 16 July.

White died between 6 September 1660 when he made his will and 3 September 1662 when it was proved.

White married firstly Margaret Talbot, daughter of Thomas Talbot of Bashall in about 1629 but they had no children. He married secondly on 14 August 1649 Frances Barkham, daughter of Sir Edward Barkham, 1st Baronet of Tottenham, Middlesex.

White was born in 1856 at Hamilton, Ontario, the son of Thomas White. After receiving education at the Upper Canada College and the University of Toronto, he became a lawyer. Though he served on the Northwest Territories Council as an independent as it was non-partisan, White affiliated himself later with the Conservative Party of Canada. He would practice law at Moosomin where he was also a prosecutor. He later moved to British Columbia, Yukon and England. In 1887, he married Frances Louisa Cholerton-Hall.

He was elected in 1883 to the Council of the North West Territories, and retired at the next election, in 1885.